Abstract

In the digital age, social media has transformed communication in Sri Lanka, serving as a vital platform for democratic participation, citizen journalism, and public discourse. With over 8.2 million users engaging on platforms like Facebook, X (Twitter), Instagram, YouTube, TikTok, and WhatsApp, these tools empower individuals to share real-time information, opinions, and creative content, often bypassing traditional media constraints. However, this democratization brings significant challenges, including misinformation, hate speech, privacy invasions, cyber harassment, and national security threats, exacerbated by advanced AI technologies that facilitate the creation of deceptive content.
This study, employing a qualitative methodology involving literature review, analysis of Sri Lankan laws, regulations, and case studies such as the Galle Face protests, argues for a dedicated Social Media Policy. It highlights the superiority of social media journalism over traditional mass media in terms of autonomy and influence, while noting the lack of accountability and ethical training among citizen journalists. The proposed policy seeks to balance the constitutional right to freedom of expression (Article 14(1)(a)) with responsible usage, aligning with existing laws like the Penal Code, ICCPR Act, and international standards.
Key elements include prohibitions on hate speech, disinformation, defamation, obscenity, child exploitation, and content endangering public order; guidelines for ethical government use of social media; citizen rights to privacy, safety, and information access; and enforcement through a neutral authority with proportionate penalties. Implementation requires collaboration among government, platforms, and citizens, supported by education and international cooperation. Ultimately, the policy aims to foster a safe, inclusive, and democratic digital ecosystem that protects human dignity while promoting societal progress.