This study explores the factors affecting the supply chain in the Vietnamese food import-export market using qualitative research methods. Through in-depth interviews and group discussions with key stakeholders, the study identifies seven critical factors: regulatory environment and policy challenges, quality control and food safety standards, logistics and infrastructure, market dynamics and consumer preferences, technology adoption and innovation, collaboration and integration across the supply chain, and environmental and sustainability concerns. The results show that a comprehensive approach is needed to improve the industry's competitiveness, including policy reform, infrastructure investment, application of advanced technology and increased cooperation between stakeholders observe and adapt to new market trends and environments. The study proposes specific recommendations to improve supply chain efficiency and proposes future research directions to gain a deeper understanding of the dynamics of Vietnam's food import and export market.