Abstract

This paper reviews all the types of economies experienced during the 2023-2025 war on Gaza. Concepts of resilience, resistance and war economies are reviewed and applied to Gaza's current situation as a non-traditional economic system that emerges under prolonged crises such as wars, blockades, or disasters. The author examines how individuals and communities adapt to resource scarcity by developing self-sufficiency, fostering solidarity networks, and engaging in informal economies.

The study highlights Gaza as a case study, where resilience mechanisms have become vital for survival amid a 17-year blockade and the 2023-2025 war. The paper also contrasts ‘Resilience Economy’ with ‘Resistance Economy’, the latter being a proactive strategy for economic independence through local production and anti-colonial practices. The author discusses the challenges created by the occupation, which include aid dependency, psychological tolls, and the gap between survival and sustainable development. The study calls for further research on grassroots economic innovations and the role of ‘War Economy’ and ‘Sharing Economy’ in empowering besieged communities, similar to the exemplified case of Gaza. The implications of this work are expected to help those in the field know how to balance between all these variables to increase survival, agility and anti-fragility till the liberation of Palestine.