Abstract

This study examines the historical and cultural-artistic values of Khmer pagoda architecture in Southern Vietnam through a case study of Doi Pagoda (currently in Can Tho City, formerly in Soc Trang Province). Established in 1569, the pagoda is closely associated with the formation and long-term development of the Khmer community and reflects the continuity of ancient cultural traditions as well as the evolution of Theravada Buddhism in the region. Despite undergoing multiple phases of restoration, Doi Pagoda has preserved its spatial organization, religious functions, and distinctive symbolic system.
Architecturally, the pagoda exemplifies key characteristics of Khmer pagodas in Southern Vietnam, including a spatial layout integrated with the natural environment, a centrally positioned main hall, and a well-organized system of auxiliary structures. Its decorative art features a rich array of symbolic motifs such as Naga, Krud, and Kinnari, together with mural paintings and reliefs that enhance aesthetic expression while conveying religious meanings. The architectural space also functions as a setting for traditional festivals, demonstrating the close relationship between built environment and community cultural practices.
From a cultural-artistic perspective, Doi Pagoda represents an integrated system in which architecture, sculpture, painting, and folk beliefs coexist and interact. These elements reflect the worldview and philosophical orientation of the Khmer people while also illustrating processes of cultural interaction among Kinh, Khmer, and Hoa communities. In the contemporary context, the pagoda continues to serve as a religious, cultural, and tourism center, although it faces increasing challenges related to conservation under the pressures of urbanization and tourism development.
This study contributes to the literature by providing an integrated analysis of architecture, cultural practice, and community life, thereby framing Doi Pagoda as a form of living heritage and offering a scientific basis for the conservation and promotion of Khmer cultural heritage in Southern Vietnam.