Abstract

Life Cycle Assessment (LCA) is a comprehensive methodology for evaluating environmental impacts across a product’s entire life cycle, from raw material extraction to disposal. This systematic approach enables informed decision-making by identifying critical environmental impacts and trade-offs at each stage. LCA is widely used in industries such as agriculture, textiles, and radiological protection to optimize eco-efficiency and material selection. The Ecoinvent database plays a crucial role in LCA by providing high-quality inventory data that enhances the accuracy of environmental impact assessments. Additionally, reducing industrial emissions requires a multifaceted approach, including energy efficiency improvements, renewable energy integration, and carbon capture technologies. Supply chain decarbonization, particularly Scope 3 emissions, is vital for achieving net-zero targets, as these indirect emissions often constitute the majority of a company's carbon footprint. LCA serves as a powerful tool for identifying high-emission stages in supply chains and implementing targeted reduction strategies. By integrating LCA with supply chain management, industries can enhance sustainability efforts and contribute to global climate goals.