Abstract

This study investigates the relationship between religious affiliation and human capital development in Nigeria, specifically examining educational attainment, employment rates, income levels, and gender disparities. The problem addressed is the persistent regional and religious disparities in human capital development across Nigeria, which are influenced by socio-cultural and religious factors. The study aimed to explore how religious beliefs and practices impact human capital development, particularly in the areas of education and employment, within Nigeria’s diverse regions. The study adopted Social Capital Theory as its theoretical framework, which emphasises the importance of networks, trust, and shared values in shaping socio-economic outcomes. A qualitative research methodology was employed, using secondary data from textbooks, journal publications, and other relevant materials. The data were analysed through content and thematic analysis to identify key themes related to the impact of religion on human capital development. The results revealed significant regional disparities in educational attainment and career advancement, with southern Nigeria showing higher levels of human capital development compared to the north. Gender disparities were also pronounced, with religious beliefs in the north limiting women’s access to education and formal employment. In conclusion, religious affiliation plays a significant role in shaping educational and career outcomes in Nigeria, with both positive and negative consequences varying by region and gender. The study recommends promoting interfaith collaboration in education, integrating gender-inclusive policies in religious institutions, and enhancing access to formal employment through faith-based initiatives to address these disparities and foster inclusive human capital development in Nigeria.